All visitors (apart from citizens of Nepal and Bhutan) require a visa to enter India. Nationals of Finland, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand and Singapore will be granted a visa on arrival; all other nationalities are required to obtain a visa in advance. Tourist visas are issued for six months from the date of issue (not entry). Note that anyone leaving India on a tourist visa will not be allowed to re-enter within two months, although exceptions are made in certain cases – these need to be arranged in advance.
To get a visa you’ll need to apply online at https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/evisa/tvoa.html
Tourist visas cannot be extended; you must leave the country and re-enter on a new one two months later. It may be difficult to apply for a new visa from neighbouring countries. Five-year visas are also issued to businessmen and students. In addition to visas, special permits are required for certain areas, while other areas are out of bounds to foreigners altogether.